利用Lists

List（接口） 顺序是List最重要的特性；它可担保元素凭据划定的顺序分列。List为Collection添加了大量要领，以便我们在List中部插入和删除元素（只推荐对LinkedList这样做）。List也会生成一个ListIterator（列表重复器），操作它可在一个列内外朝两个偏向遍历，同时插入和删除位于列表中部的元素（同样地，只发起对LinkedList这样做）
ArrayList＊ 由一个数组后推获得的List。作为一个通例用途的工具容器利用，用于替换原先的Vector。答允我们快速会见元素，但在从列表中部插入和删除元素时，速度却嫌稍慢。一般只应该用ListIterator对一个ArrayList举办向前和向后遍历，不要用它删除和插入元素；与LinkedList对比，它的效率要低很多
LinkedList 提供优化的顺序会识趣能，同时可以高效率地在列表中部举办插入和删除操纵。但在举办随时机见时，速度却相当慢，此时应换用ArrayList。也提供了addFirst()，addLast()，getFirst()，getLast()，removeFirst()以及removeLast()（未在任何接口或基本类中界说），以便将其作为一个规格、行列以及一个双向行列利用。

下面这个例子中的要领每个都包围了一组差异的行为：每个列表都能做的工作（basicTest()），通过一个重复器遍历（iterMotion()）、用一个重复器改变某些对象（iterManipulation()）、体验列表处理惩罚的结果（testVisual()）以及只有LinkedList才气做的工作等：

//: List1.java
// Things you can do with Lists
package c08.newcollections;
import java.util.*;

public class List1 {
  // Wrap Collection1.fill() for convenience:
  public static List fill(List a) {
    return (List)Collection1.fill(a);
  }
  // You can use an Iterator, just as with a
  // Collection, but you can also use random
  // access with get():
  public static void print(List a) {
    for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
      System.out.print(a.get(i) + " ");
    System.out.println();
  }
  static boolean b;
  static Object o;
  static int i;
  static Iterator it;
  static ListIterator lit;
  public static void basicTest(List a) {
    a.add(1, "x"); // Add at location 1
    a.add("x"); // Add at end
    // Add a collection:
    a.addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
    // Add a collection starting at location 3:
    a.addAll(3, fill(new ArrayList())); 
    b = a.contains("1"); // Is it in there
    // Is the entire collection in there
    b = a.containsAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
    // Lists allow random access, which is cheap
    // for ArrayList, expensive for LinkedList:
    o = a.get(1); // Get object at location 1
    i = a.indexOf("1"); // Tell index of object
    // indexOf, starting search at location 2:
    i = a.indexOf("1", 2);
    b = a.isEmpty(); // Any elements inside
    it = a.iterator(); // Ordinary Iterator
    lit = a.listIterator(); // ListIterator
    lit = a.listIterator(3); // Start at loc 3
    i = a.lastIndexOf("1"); // Last match 
    i = a.lastIndexOf("1", 2); // ...after loc 2
    a.remove(1); // Remove location 1
    a.remove("3"); // Remove this object
    a.set(1, "y"); // Set location 1 to "y"
    // Keep everything that's in the argument
    // (the intersection of the two sets):
    a.retainAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
    // Remove elements in this range:
    a.removeRange(0, 2);
    // Remove everything that's in the argument:
    a.removeAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
    i = a.size(); // How big is it
    a.clear(); // Remove all elements
  }
  public static void iterMotion(List a) {
    ListIterator it = a.listIterator();
    b = it.hasNext();
    b = it.hasPrevious();
    o = it.next();
    i = it.nextIndex();
    o = it.previous();
    i = it.previousIndex();
  }
  public static void iterManipulation(List a) {
    ListIterator it = a.listIterator();
    it.add("47");
    // Must move to an element after add():
    it.next();
    // Remove the element that was just produced:
    it.remove(); 
    // Must move to an element after remove():
    it.next();
    // Change the element that was just produced:
    it.set("47");
  }
  public static void testVisual(List a) {
    print(a);
    List b = new ArrayList();
    fill(b);
    System.out.print("b = ");
    print(b);
    a.addAll(b);
    a.addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
    print(a);
    // Shrink the list by removing all the 
    // elements beyond the first 1/2 of the list
    System.out.println(a.size());
    System.out.println(a.size()/2);
    a.removeRange(a.size()/2, a.size()/2 + 2);
    print(a);
    // Insert, remove, and replace elements
    // using a ListIterator:
    ListIterator x = a.listIterator(a.size()/2);
    x.add("one"); 
    print(a);
    System.out.println(x.next());
    x.remove();
    System.out.println(x.next());
    x.set("47");
    print(a);
    // Traverse the list backwards:
    x = a.listIterator(a.size());
    while(x.hasPrevious())
      System.out.print(x.previous() + " ");
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println("testVisual finished");
  }
  // There are some things that only
  // LinkedLists can do:
  public static void testLinkedList() {
    LinkedList ll = new LinkedList();
    Collection1.fill(ll, 5);
    print(ll);
    // Treat it like a stack, pushing:
    ll.addFirst("one");
    ll.addFirst("two");
    print(ll);
    // Like "peeking" at the top of a stack:
    System.out.println(ll.getFirst());
    // Like popping a stack:
    System.out.println(ll.removeFirst());
    System.out.println(ll.removeFirst());
    // Treat it like a queue, pulling elements
    // off the tail end:
    System.out.println(ll.removeLast());
    // With the above operations, it's a dequeue!
    print(ll);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    // Make and fill a new list each time:
    basicTest(fill(new LinkedList()));
    basicTest(fill(new ArrayList()));
    iterMotion(fill(new LinkedList()));
    iterMotion(fill(new ArrayList()));
    iterManipulation(fill(new LinkedList()));
    iterManipulation(fill(new ArrayList()));
    testVisual(fill(new LinkedList()));
    testLinkedList();
  }
} ///:~

#p#分页标题#e#

在basicTest()和iterMotiion()中，只是简朴地发出挪用，以便展现出正确的语法。并且尽量捕捉了返回值，可是并未利用它。在某些环境下，之所以不捕捉返回值，是由于它们没有什么出格的用处。在正式利用它们前，应仔细研究一下本身的联机文档，把握这些要领完整、正确的用法。